Caudal duplication

A rare congenital disorder

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Caudal duplication is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the duplication of structures in the caudal region of the body. This condition is also known as caudal duplication syndrome or dipygus. It involves the duplication of various anatomical structures, which may include the spinal cord, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital system, and lower limbs.

Presentation

Individuals with caudal duplication may present with a wide range of anatomical duplications. The severity and extent of duplication can vary significantly among affected individuals. Common features include:

• Duplication of the spinal cord and vertebrae, leading to a condition known as diastematomyelia.
• Duplication of the gastrointestinal tract, which may involve the colon and rectum.
• Duplication of the urogenital system, including the presence of two bladders or urethras.
• Duplication of the lower limbs, which can result in the presence of extra legs or feet.

Etiology

The exact cause of caudal duplication is not well understood. It is believed to result from an abnormality during the early stages of embryonic development. One hypothesis suggests that the condition arises from an incomplete splitting of the caudal eminence, a structure involved in the formation of the lower body during embryogenesis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of caudal duplication is typically made through a combination of clinical examination and imaging studies. Ultrasound, MRI, and CT scans are commonly used to assess the extent of duplication and to plan for potential surgical interventions.

Management

The management of caudal duplication is complex and often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Treatment is tailored to the specific needs of the individual and may involve:

• Surgical correction of anatomical duplications to improve function and appearance.
• Management of associated complications, such as urinary tract infections or bowel obstruction.
• Long-term follow-up with specialists in pediatrics, orthopedics, urology, and gastroenterology.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with caudal duplication varies depending on the severity of the condition and the presence of associated anomalies. With appropriate medical and surgical management, many individuals can lead functional lives, although they may require ongoing medical care.

Related pages

• Congenital disorder
• Diastematomyelia
• Embryonic development
• Spinal cord