Ectopic ureter

Ectopic ureter is a medical condition where one or both of the ureters do not connect properly to the bladder. This condition is congenital, meaning it is present at birth.

Overview

An ectopic ureter is a rare anomaly in the urinary system where the ureter, instead of draining into the bladder, drains into a different location. This condition can occur in one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) ureters. It is more common in females than in males, and is often associated with other urinary tract anomalies.

Causes

The exact cause of ectopic ureter is unknown. However, it is believed to occur during the early stages of fetal development. The ureter normally connects to the bladder, but in ectopic ureter, it may connect to the urethra, vagina, or other parts of the urinary or reproductive system.

Symptoms

Symptoms of ectopic ureter can vary depending on the location of the ectopic ureter and whether it is unilateral or bilateral. Common symptoms include:

• Continuous incontinence
• Recurrent urinary tract infections
• Abdominal pain
• Hematuria (blood in urine)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ectopic ureter is often made through imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A cystoscopy may also be performed to visualize the inside of the bladder and urethra.

Treatment

Treatment for ectopic ureter depends on the severity of symptoms and the overall health of the patient. Surgical intervention is often required to reposition the ureter and create a normal connection to the bladder. In some cases, if the affected kidney is not functioning properly, it may need to be removed.

See also

• Urinary system
• Ureter
• Bladder
• Urethra