Elvitegravir

Information about Elvitegravir

Elvitegravir is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase inhibitor which is used largely in a four drug combination with cobicistat, emtricitabine and tenofovir as therapy of HIV infection.

Liver safety of Elvitegravir

Therapy with this elvitegravir based regimen is often associated with transient serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, but has not been implicated in cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury.

Mechanism of action of Elvitegravir

Elvitegravir (el" vi teg' ra vir) is a 4-quinolone-3-glyoxylic acid and antiretroviral agent that acts by inhibition of viral DNA strand transfer by the HIV integrase, a necessary step in HIV replication. Elvitegravir has been shown to lower serum levels of HIV RNA and to raise CD4 counts. In multiple prospective clinical trials, the combination of elvitegravir with tenofovir and emtricitabine has been found to be as effective as other standard antiretroviral combinations. Elvitegravir is given with cobicistat, a pharmacokinetic enhancer that inhibits CYP 3A4 activity, causing increased levels and more prolonged activity of drugs like elvitegravir that are metabolized by the hepatic cytochrome P450 isomer CYP 3A4.

FDA approval information for Elvitegravir

Elvitegravir was approved as a part of a four drug combination including cobicistat, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate as therapy of HIV infection in 2012 under the brand name Stribild. A similar four drug combination that includes tenofovir alafenamide instead of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was approved for use in HIV infection in 2016 under the brand name Genvoya. These combinations are available as tablets of 150 mg of elvitegravir with 150 mg of cobicistat, 200 mg of emtricitabine and either 300 mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Stribild) or 10 mg of tenofovir alafenamide (Genvoya). The recommended dose is one tablet daily, these combination being two of several "single tablet regimens" (STRs) for therapy of HIV infection. Elvitegravir was the second HIV integrase to be approved in the United States and shares structural similarity and resistance patterns with the initial agent, raltegravir. Elvitegravir is also available as a single agent for use with other antiretroviral agents in 85 and 150 mg tablets under the brand name Vitekta.

Side effects of Elvitegravir

Common side effects of the four drug combination include fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, headache, depression, abnormal dreams and skin rashes. Cobicistat has inhibitory activity against several drug metabolizing enzymes besides CYP 3A4, including CYP 2D6 and the P-glycoprotein transporter, making it likely to cause drug-drug interactions and important to avoid when using other agents that are metabolized by the P450 system. Cobicistat also inhibits creatinine secretion, which artificially raises serum creatinine levels without affecting the glomerular filtration rate. With long term use, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate can be associated with decline in kidney function, phosphate wasting and decline in bone mineral density. These adverse effects appear to be less with tenofovir alafenamide which is more potent and is given in a lower dose that the disoproxil fumurate form of tenofovir.

Antiviral agents

Drugs for HIV Infection, in the Subclass Antiretroviral Agents

• Fusion Inhibitors (HIV)
  • Enfuvirtide, Maraviroc

• Integrase Inhibitors (HIV)
  • Dolutegravir, Elvitegravir, Raltegravir

• Monoclonal Antibodies
  • Ibalizumab

• Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (HIV)
  • Delavirdine, Efavirenz, Etravirine, Nevirapine, Rilpivirine

• Nucleoside Analogues (HIV)
  • Abacavir, Didanosine, Emtricitabine, Lamivudine, Stavudine, Tenofovir, Zidovudine

• Protease Inhibitors (HIV)
  • Amprenavir, Atazanavir, Darunavir, Fosamprenavir, Indinavir, Lopinavir, Nelfinavir,Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Tipranavir

Drugs for Hepatitis B

• • Alpha Interferon, Adefovir, Emtricitabine, Entecavir, Lamivudine, Telbivudine, Tenofovir

Drugs for Hepatitis C

• Interferon Based Therapies
  • Alpha Interferon and Peginterferon, Ribavirin

HCV NS5A Inhibitors

• Daclatasvir, Elbasvir, Ledipasvir, Ombitasvir, Pibrentasvir, Velpatasvir

HCV NS5B (Polymerase) Inhibitors

• Dasabuvir, Sofosbuvir

HCV Protease Inhibitors

• Asunaprevir, Boceprevir, Glecaprevir, Grazoprevir, Paritaprevir, Simeprevir, Telaprevir, Voxilaprevir

Combination Therapies

• Epclusa, Harvoni, Mavyret, Technive, Viekira Pak, Vosevi, Zepatier

Drugs for Herpes Virus Infections (HSV, CMV, others)

• Acyclovir, Cidofovir, Famciclovir, Foscarnet, Ganciclovir, Valacyclovir, Valganciclovir

Drugs for Influenza

• Amantadine, Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Rimantadine, Zanamivir

• Dailymed label info on Elvitegravir
• FDA Elvitegravir

Elvitegravir Resources
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