Lopinavir
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Lopinavir is an antiretroviral protease inhibitor used in combination with ritonavir in the therapy and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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Lopinavir can cause transient and usually asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and, rarely, clinically apparent, acute liver injury. In HBV or HCV coinfected patients, highly active antiretroviral therapy with lopinavir may result of an exacerbation of the underlying chronic hepatitis B or C.
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Lopinavir (loe pin' a vir) is a peptidomimetic HIV protease inhibitor that acts by binding to the catalytic site of the HIV protease, thereby preventing the cleavage of viral polyprotein precursors into mature, functional proteins that are necessary for viral replication. Lopinavir is usually given in combination with low “booster” doses of ritonavir which improves the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir by slowing its hepatic metabolism.
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Lopinavir was approved for use in the United States in 2000 for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. Lopinavir in fixed combination with ritonavir is available as tablets of 100 mg/25 mg and 200 mg/50 mg and as an oral solution (80/20 mg per mL) for pediatric use generically and under the brand name Kaletra.
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The recommended dosage of lopinavir in adults is 800 mg daily in combination with 200 mg of ritonavir, either once daily or in two divided doses. Pediatric doses are based upon body weight or body surface area.
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Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, and, with long term therapy, dyslipidemia and lipodystrophy.
Antiviral agents[edit source]
Drugs for HIV Infection, in the Subclass Antiretroviral Agents
- Fusion Inhibitors (HIV)
- Integrase Inhibitors (HIV)
- Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (HIV)
- Interferon Based Therapies
HCV NS5A Inhibitors
HCV NS5B (Polymerase) Inhibitors
- Asunaprevir, Boceprevir, Glecaprevir, Grazoprevir, Paritaprevir, Simeprevir, Telaprevir, Voxilaprevir
Combination Therapies
Drugs for Herpes Virus Infections (HSV, CMV, others)
Drugs for Influenza
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