Epiphora (medicine)

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Epiphora is a medical condition characterized by excessive tear production, leading to tears overflowing onto the face. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including ocular irritation, inflammation, or obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system.

Causes

Epiphora can result from several underlying issues:

• **Obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system**: This can occur due to congenital abnormalities, infections, or trauma. Common obstructions include dacryocystitis and nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
• **Increased tear production**: Conditions such as allergic conjunctivitis, dry eye syndrome, and blepharitis can stimulate excessive tear production.
• **Eyelid malposition**: Abnormalities such as entropion or ectropion can disrupt normal tear drainage.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of epiphora is the overflow of tears onto the face. Other associated symptoms may include:

• Redness of the eyes
• Irritation or discomfort
• Blurred vision
• Swelling around the eyes

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of epiphora involves a thorough ophthalmic examination to identify the underlying cause. Tests may include:

• **Fluorescein dye disappearance test**: To assess tear drainage.
• **Lacrimal irrigation and probing**: To detect blockages in the lacrimal system.
• **Imaging studies**: Such as dacryocystography or CT scan to visualize the lacrimal apparatus.

Treatment

Treatment of epiphora depends on the underlying cause:

• **Medical management**: For conditions like allergic conjunctivitis or blepharitis, medications such as antihistamines or antibiotics may be prescribed.
• **Surgical intervention**: Procedures such as dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) or punctal plugs may be necessary to address obstructions or anatomical abnormalities.

Prognosis

The prognosis for epiphora varies depending on the cause and the effectiveness of the treatment. Many cases can be successfully managed with appropriate medical or surgical interventions.

See also

• Tear film
• Lacrimal gland
• Conjunctivitis
• Dry eye syndrome