Epiretinal membrane

Epiretinal Membrane (ERM), also known as macular pucker or cellophane maculopathy, is a condition where a thin, transparent layer of fibrous tissues forms on the inner surface of the retina, particularly over the macula, which is responsible for sharp central vision. This condition can lead to vision distortion and blurring. ERMs are more common in individuals over the age of 50, but they can occur at any age.

Causes and Risk Factors[edit | edit source]

The exact cause of epiretinal membrane formation is not fully understood. However, it is often associated with changes in the vitreous humor – the gel-like substance filling the eye. As people age, the vitreous may shrink and separate from the retina, a process known as Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD). This can lead to the formation of ERMs. Other risk factors include:

Retinal detachment
Retinal tear
Inflammation inside the eye (Uveitis)
Eye surgeries
Trauma to the eye

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of an epiretinal membrane can vary from none to severe, depending on the membrane's thickness and location. Common symptoms include:

Blurred vision
Distorted vision (straight lines appear wavy)
Difficulty reading or performing tasks that require detailed vision
Double vision in the affected eye

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of an epiretinal membrane is primarily based on a comprehensive eye examination. Key diagnostic tools include:

Ophthalmoscopy: An examination of the retina's condition through a dilated pupil.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): A non-invasive imaging test that provides detailed images of the retina, allowing for the visualization of the membrane's presence and thickness.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for an epiretinal membrane may not be necessary if symptoms are mild. Monitoring the condition with regular eye exams may be all that is needed. For more severe cases affecting vision, the surgical removal of the membrane may be recommended. The procedure, known as vitrectomy, involves removing the vitreous gel and peeling away the membrane from the retina. Surgery can improve vision, but it may not restore it to normal, and there are risks involved, including cataract formation and retinal detachment.

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis for individuals with an epiretinal membrane varies. Some people may experience a gradual improvement in their symptoms, while others may notice a progressive worsening. Surgical intervention has a good success rate in improving vision, but as with any surgery, outcomes can vary.

Prevention[edit | edit source]

There are no specific measures to prevent the formation of an epiretinal membrane. However, maintaining overall eye health through regular eye exams can help in early detection and management of conditions that could potentially lead to ERM.