Ethyl gallate

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Ethyl gallate is an organic compound that is the ethyl ester of gallic acid. It is a type of phenolic compound and is commonly used as an antioxidant in various applications, including food preservation and cosmetics.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Ethyl gallate has the chemical formula C9H10O5 and a molecular weight of 198.17 g/mol. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is soluble in ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate, but poorly soluble in water.

Synthesis

Ethyl gallate can be synthesized through the esterification of gallic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid. The reaction typically involves heating the mixture under reflux conditions to produce the ester.

Applications

Antioxidant

Ethyl gallate is widely used as an antioxidant in the food industry to prevent the oxidation of fats and oils, thereby extending the shelf life of food products. It is also used in cosmetics to protect against oxidative stress and maintain the stability of formulations.

Pharmaceuticals

In the pharmaceutical industry, ethyl gallate is studied for its potential antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. It is being investigated for its ability to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria and fungi, as well as its potential to reduce inflammation and tumor growth.

Safety and Toxicology

Ethyl gallate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. However, high doses may cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. It is important to follow recommended guidelines for its use in various applications.

See Also

• Gallic acid
• Antioxidant
• Phenolic compound
• Esterification