Glomerulonephritis, membranous
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous[edit | edit source]
Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), also known as membranous nephropathy, is a kidney disorder characterized by changes and inflammation of the structures inside the kidney that help filter wastes and fluids. It is one of the most common causes of the nephrotic syndrome in adults.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Membranous glomerulonephritis is caused by the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane due to the deposition of immune complexes. These immune complexes are typically composed of antibodies and antigens, which can be endogenous or exogenous. The thickening of the membrane leads to increased permeability, allowing proteins to leak into the urine, a condition known as proteinuria.
Causes[edit | edit source]
The exact cause of membranous glomerulonephritis is often unknown, but it can be associated with:
- Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus
- Infections like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis
- Certain medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and penicillamine
- Cancers, particularly of the lung, colon, and breast
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of membranous glomerulonephritis can include:
- Swelling (edema) in the legs and ankles
- Weight gain due to fluid retention
- Fatigue
- High blood pressure
- Foamy urine, due to excess protein (proteinuria)
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of membranous glomerulonephritis typically involves:
- Urinalysis to detect proteinuria and hematuria
- Blood tests to assess kidney function and detect antibodies
- Kidney biopsy to examine the glomeruli under a microscope
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for membranous glomerulonephritis may include:
- Medications to control blood pressure and reduce proteinuria, such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs
- Immunosuppressive drugs to reduce inflammation and immune response
- Diuretics to manage edema
- Dietary changes to reduce salt and protein intake
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for membranous glomerulonephritis varies. Some patients may experience spontaneous remission, while others may progress to chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease. Regular monitoring and treatment can help manage symptoms and slow disease progression.
See Also[edit | edit source]
==
- Ponticelli, C., & Glassock, R. J. (2010). Glomerular diseases: Membranous nephropathy a modern view. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 5(4), 677-682.
- Couser, W. G. (2017). Primary membranous nephropathy. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 12(6), 983-997.
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Glomerulonephritis, membranous is a rare disease.
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