Infectious mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis, also known as mono or the kissing disease, is an illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the herpesvirus family. It is characterized by an increase in mononuclear white blood cells, swollen lymph nodes, and a range of other symptoms. Mono typically affects teenagers and young adults but can occur at any age.

Cross Reaction Rash

Mononucleosis

Lymphadanopathy

Main_symptoms

Signs and symptoms[edit | edit source]

The symptoms of infectious mononucleosis may vary, but common signs include:

Fatigue
Fever
Sore throat (pharyngitis)
Swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck
Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)
Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly)
Rash
Headache
Body aches

Symptoms typically develop four to six weeks after exposure to the virus and may last for several weeks or months.

Transmission[edit | edit source]

EBV is primarily transmitted through saliva, which is why mono is often called the "kissing disease." However, the virus can also be spread through respiratory droplets, blood transfusions, and organ transplants. Once infected, a person can carry the virus for life, and it may reactivate at times, potentially spreading to others.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis is based on the patient's symptoms and a physical examination. Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC) and a monospot test, can help confirm the diagnosis and detect the presence of EBV antibodies.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

There is no specific treatment for infectious mononucleosis, as antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections. Treatment primarily focuses on relieving symptoms and may include:

Rest and hydration
Over-the-counter pain relievers and fever reducers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen
Throat lozenges or gargling with warm salt water for sore throat relief
Avoiding contact sports and heavy lifting to prevent spleen rupture

Complications[edit | edit source]

Although most people recover from mono without complications, some may develop serious issues, including:

Splenomegaly: enlargement of the spleen, which can lead to rupture in rare cases
Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver
Meningitis or encephalitis: inflammation of the brain or its surrounding tissues
Guillain-Barre syndrome: a rare neurological disorder causing muscle weakness and paralysis
Hemolytic anemia: a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed prematurely

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Prevention of infectious mononucleosis is challenging, as the virus is widespread and can be transmitted by asymptomatic carriers. Practicing good hygiene, such as regular hand washing and avoiding sharing personal items like utensils, can help reduce the risk of infection.

Categories[edit | edit source]

Infectious mononucleosis Resources
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