Lanthanide series

Lanthanide Series

The Lanthanide Series refers to a group of 15 chemical elements in the periodic table, with atomic numbers 57 through 71. These elements, from Lanthanum (La) to Lutetium (Lu), are known for their unique chemical properties and are often referred to as the "rare earth metals."

Overview

The term "lanthanide" was derived from the first element in the series, Lanthanum. The elements in the Lanthanide Series are often associated with their ability to fill the 4f electron shell, which contributes to their similar chemical characteristics. Despite their name, these elements are not particularly rare and can be found in various minerals.

Chemical Properties

The Lanthanide Series elements are known for their high reactivity. They tarnish quickly in air, react with water to form hydroxides, and react with hot acids. They also have a strong tendency to form complexes with various ligands.

Physical Properties

Physically, the lanthanides are all metals. They are typically soft, malleable, and have high electrical conductivity. They also exhibit paramagnetism, which increases with the number of unpaired 4f electrons.

Applications

Lanthanides have a wide range of applications. They are used in the production of catalysts, phosphors for LED lights, and magnets. Some lanthanides, such as Gadolinium, are used in medical imaging.

See Also

• Actinide Series
• Periodic Table
• Chemical Element
• Electron Configuration