Lymphangitis carcinomatosa

Lymphangitis Carcinomatosa

Lymphangitis carcinomatosa is a pathological condition characterized by the spread of cancer to the lymphatic system, leading to inflammation and obstruction of lymphatic vessels. This condition is most commonly associated with lung cancer, but it can also occur with other types of malignancies such as breast cancer, stomach cancer, and prostate cancer.

Pathophysiology

Lymphangitis carcinomatosa occurs when cancer cells invade the lymphatic vessels. These cells can originate from a primary tumor and spread through the lymphatic system, causing inflammation and blockage. The obstruction of lymphatic vessels leads to impaired lymphatic drainage, resulting in edema and other symptoms.

The condition is often seen in the lungs, where it can cause significant respiratory symptoms. The spread of cancer cells to the lymphatics in the lungs can lead to a characteristic "reticular" pattern on imaging studies, such as a chest X-ray or CT scan.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with lymphangitis carcinomatosa may present with a variety of symptoms, depending on the location and extent of lymphatic involvement. Common symptoms include:

• Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
• Cough
• Chest pain
• Fatigue
• Weight loss

In cases where the lymphatic spread is extensive, patients may also experience systemic symptoms such as fever and night sweats.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of lymphangitis carcinomatosa is typically made through imaging studies and histological examination. A CT scan of the chest may reveal a reticular pattern indicative of lymphatic involvement. A biopsy of affected tissue can confirm the presence of cancer cells within the lymphatic vessels.

Treatment

The treatment of lymphangitis carcinomatosa focuses on managing the underlying cancer and alleviating symptoms. Options may include:

• Chemotherapy to target the primary cancer and reduce the spread of cancer cells.
• Radiation therapy to shrink tumors and relieve symptoms.
• Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and improve breathing.
• Supportive care, including oxygen therapy and pain management.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with lymphangitis carcinomatosa is generally poor, as it indicates advanced cancer with lymphatic spread. The condition is often associated with a rapid decline in health and a limited life expectancy.

Also see

• Lymphatic system
• Metastasis
• Oncology
• Pulmonary edema