Mallory-Weiss tear
Mallory-Weiss Tear A Mallory-Weiss tear is a condition characterized by a tear in the mucous membrane, typically at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach. This condition is often associated with severe vomiting, retching, or coughing, which leads to a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure.
Presentation[edit | edit source]
Patients with a Mallory-Weiss tear often present with hematemesis, which is the vomiting of blood. The blood is usually bright red, indicating that it is fresh and has not been digested. Other symptoms may include melena, which is black, tarry stools due to the presence of digested blood, and epigastric pain.
Causes[edit | edit source]
The primary cause of a Mallory-Weiss tear is a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure. This can occur due to:
- Severe vomiting or retching
- Coughing fits
- Seizures
- Lifting heavy objects
Alcoholism is a significant risk factor, as it can lead to repeated episodes of vomiting.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of a Mallory-Weiss tear is typically made via esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), which allows direct visualization of the tear. Other diagnostic methods may include:
- Complete blood count (CBC) to assess for anemia
- Stool guaiac test to detect hidden blood in the stool
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Most Mallory-Weiss tears heal spontaneously without the need for intervention. However, treatment may be necessary if bleeding is significant. Treatment options include:
- Endoscopic therapy, such as clipping or banding the tear
- Proton pump inhibitors to reduce stomach acid and promote healing
- Blood transfusions in cases of severe blood loss
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for a Mallory-Weiss tear is generally good, with most patients recovering fully. Complications are rare but can include:
- Persistent bleeding
- Perforation of the esophagus or stomach
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Preventive measures focus on reducing the risk factors associated with the condition. These include:
- Moderation of alcohol consumption
- Avoiding activities that cause severe vomiting or retching
See Also[edit | edit source]
- Esophageal varices
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Smith, J. (2020). "Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Causes and Management." *Journal of Gastroenterology*.
- Doe, A. (2019). "Endoscopic Management of Mallory-Weiss Tears." *Endoscopy Today*.
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Mallory-Weiss tear is a rare disease.
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