Mallory–Weiss syndrome

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome is a medical condition characterized by tearing of the mucosa near the junction of the stomach and esophagus. This condition is often associated with forceful or long-term vomiting or coughing and can lead to bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.

Causes

The exact cause of Mallory-Weiss Syndrome is not known. However, it is often associated with conditions that lead to excessive vomiting, such as gastroenteritis, alcoholism, or bulimia. Other potential causes include hiatal hernia, esophageal stricture, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Mallory-Weiss Syndrome is hematemesis, or vomiting of blood. This blood may be bright red or have a coffee-grounds appearance. Other symptoms can include melena (black, tarry stools), chest pain, abdominal pain, and dizziness or fainting due to blood loss.

Diagnosis

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome is typically diagnosed through an endoscopy, which allows the doctor to view the esophagus and stomach directly. Other tests may include a complete blood count (CBC) to check for anemia, and a stool guaiac to check for blood in the stool.

Treatment

Treatment for Mallory-Weiss Syndrome primarily involves stopping the bleeding. This can often be accomplished through endoscopy. In severe cases, surgery may be required. Other treatments may include intravenous fluids to replace lost blood, medications to reduce stomach acid, and counseling or treatment for underlying conditions such as alcoholism or bulimia.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for Mallory-Weiss Syndrome is generally good. However, it is important to seek treatment promptly to prevent complications such as anemia, shock, or perforation of the esophagus or stomach.

See Also

• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Esophageal diseases
• Stomach diseases

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