Menstrual migraine

Menstrual migraine is a specific type of migraine that is associated with a woman's menstrual cycle. It is a neurovascular disorder that affects approximately 20% of all women who suffer from migraines.

Definition

Menstrual migraines are typically defined as migraines that occur in a pattern that is related to the menstrual cycle. They are most likely to occur in the two days leading up to menstruation and the first three days of menstruation.

Symptoms

The symptoms of menstrual migraines are similar to those of other types of migraines, but they may be more severe and last longer. Symptoms can include:

• Throbbing or pulsating headache
• Sensitivity to light, sound, and smells
• Nausea and vomiting
• Dizziness
• Fatigue

Causes

The exact cause of menstrual migraines is not known, but they are believed to be triggered by the drop in estrogen and progesterone levels that occurs just before menstruation. Other factors that may contribute to menstrual migraines include:

• Changes in sleep patterns
• Dehydration
• Skipping meals
• Stress

Treatment

Treatment for menstrual migraines typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and sometimes hormonal therapy. Medications used to treat menstrual migraines can include:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Triptans
• Ergotamines
• Beta blockers
• Antidepressants
• Anticonvulsants

Hormonal therapy may involve the use of oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, or other hormonal treatments.

Prevention

Preventive measures for menstrual migraines can include maintaining a regular sleep schedule, staying hydrated, eating regular meals, and managing stress. Some women find that taking a magnesium supplement during the second half of their menstrual cycle can help prevent menstrual migraines.

See also

• Migraine
• Menstrual cycle
• Estrogen
• Progesterone