Meta-Tyramine

Meta-Tyramine‏‎ is a naturally occurring monoamine compound and trace amine derived from the amino acid tyrosine. It is often found in various foods and can also be produced in the body. Meta-Tyramine is known to influence several neurotransmitter systems and has been implicated in a variety of physiological functions and diseases.

Chemistry

Meta-Tyramine, also known as m-tyramine or 3-tyramine, is a member of the phenethylamine class of compounds. It is structurally similar to other trace amines, including phenethylamine itself, as well as tryptamine and histamine. Like these other compounds, meta-tyramine is formed by the decarboxylation of an amino acid, in this case tyrosine.

Biosynthesis and Metabolism

The biosynthesis of meta-tyramine in the human body begins with the amino acid tyrosine. This is converted into L-DOPA by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, and then into dopamine by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. Dopamine can then be converted into meta-tyramine by the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO).

Once formed, meta-tyramine can be metabolized by various enzymes. The primary route of metabolism is by MAO, which converts meta-tyramine into 3-hydroxytyramine. This can then be further metabolized by other enzymes, including catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Physiological Effects

Meta-tyramine acts as a neuromodulator in the human body. It can influence the function of several neurotransmitter systems, including the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems. This can have a variety of effects on physiological functions, including mood, appetite, and blood pressure.

In addition, meta-tyramine has been implicated in a variety of diseases. For example, elevated levels of meta-tyramine have been found in patients with Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and depression. However, the exact role of meta-tyramine in these diseases is still not fully understood.

See Also

• Tyramine
• Phenethylamine
• Trace amine

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