Microalbuminuria
Microalbuminuria[edit | edit source]
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Microalbuminuria is a medical condition characterized by the excretion of small amounts (micro-level) of albumin into the urine, often indicating early kidney disease or damage.
Definition and Significance[edit | edit source]
Microalbuminuria is defined as the presence of 30-300 mg of albumin per gram of creatinine in the urine. It is an important early sign of kidney damage, especially in the context of diabetes and hypertension.
Causes[edit | edit source]
The primary causes of microalbuminuria include:
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Hypertension
- Cardiovascular disease
- Inflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Under normal conditions, the kidneys filter waste while retaining essential proteins like albumin. Microalbuminuria occurs when the kidneys' filtering system is damaged, allowing albumin to leak into the urine.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis involves urine tests, such as:
- A spot urine test for albumin-to-creatinine ratio
- A 24-hour urine test for precise albumin measurement
Clinical Importance[edit | edit source]
Microalbuminuria is a marker for increased risk of:
- Progressive kidney disease
- Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly in diabetic and hypertensive patients
Management and Treatment[edit | edit source]
Management focuses on:
- Treating the underlying cause (e.g., controlling diabetes and hypertension)
- Lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise)
- Medications like ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
Early detection and management of microalbuminuria can slow the progression of kidney disease and reduce cardiovascular risk.
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Microalbuminuria is common in individuals with diabetes and hypertension, but can also occur in other conditions and even in some healthy individuals.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
External Links[edit | edit source]
| Microalbuminuria Resources | |
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