Microcephalic

Microcephaly is a medical condition characterized by a smaller than normal head size. This condition is typically present at birth and can be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Microcephaly is often associated with developmental delays, intellectual disability, and physical disabilities.

Causes

Microcephaly can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, and environmental factors such as infections during pregnancy, exposure to harmful substances, or malnutrition. Some specific causes include Zika virus, Rubella, Toxoplasmosis, and Cytomegalovirus.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of microcephaly is a significantly smaller head size compared to other infants or children of the same age and sex. Other symptoms can include developmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures, hyperactivity, balance and coordination problems, and dwarfism.

Diagnosis

Microcephaly can often be diagnosed during pregnancy or soon after birth. During pregnancy, ultrasound can be used to measure the size of the fetus's head. After birth, the infant's head circumference is measured and compared to standard growth charts.

Treatment

There is no cure for microcephaly, but treatment can help manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. This can include physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and medication to manage symptoms such as seizures.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with microcephaly varies widely and depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Some individuals may have normal intelligence and lifespan, while others may have significant developmental delays and health problems.

See also

• Zika virus
• Rubella
• Toxoplasmosis
• Cytomegalovirus

Microcephalic Resources
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