Migratory thrombophlebitis

Migratory Thrombophlebitis (also known as Trousseau's syndrome or Trousseau's sign of malignancy) is a medical condition characterized by recurrent or migrating thrombophlebitis (inflammation of a vein associated with a thrombus, or blood clot) in superficial or deep veins. This condition is often associated with an underlying malignancy and is therefore considered a paraneoplastic syndrome. The most common cancers associated with migratory thrombophlebitis are pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, and gastric cancer, although it can be associated with other types of cancer as well.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The primary symptom of migratory thrombophlebitis is the sudden appearance of red, tender, and swollen veins, often in the legs. These symptoms may resolve and then appear in another location, hence the term "migratory." Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and medical history, with particular attention to any signs of cancer or risk factors for cancer. Additional tests may include blood tests, ultrasound imaging of the affected veins, and potentially diagnostic tests for cancer, such as CT scans or biopsies, depending on the individual's risk factors and symptoms.

Pathophysiology

The exact mechanism by which malignancy causes migratory thrombophlebitis is not fully understood. However, it is believed that certain cancers can produce procoagulant substances that increase the risk of blood clot formation. Additionally, the inflammatory response to the cancer may also contribute to the development of thrombophlebitis.

Treatment

Treatment of migratory thrombophlebitis focuses on managing the underlying malignancy and preventing further thrombotic events. Anticoagulant medications, such as heparin and warfarin, are commonly used to prevent clot formation. Treatment of the underlying cancer may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the type and stage of cancer.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with migratory thrombophlebitis largely depends on the type and stage of the underlying malignancy. Early detection and treatment of the cancer can improve outcomes. However, the presence of migratory thrombophlebitis as a paraneoplastic syndrome often indicates an advanced stage of cancer.

See Also

• Thrombophlebitis
• Paraneoplastic syndrome
• Cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Lung cancer
• Gastric cancer