Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a type of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma that originates from the B cells in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. This tissue is a part of the immune system that protects the body from infections in the mucosal surfaces like the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and salivary glands. MALT lymphoma is also known as extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma.
Etiology[edit | edit source]
MALT lymphoma is often associated with chronic inflammation caused by persistent infections or autoimmune diseases. For instance, Helicobacter pylori infection is linked to gastric MALT lymphoma, while Sjögren's syndrome and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are associated with salivary gland and thyroid MALT lymphomas, respectively.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Patients with MALT lymphoma may present with non-specific symptoms such as weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats. Depending on the location of the lymphoma, patients may also experience localized symptoms like stomach pain, cough, or dry mouth.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of MALT lymphoma is based on histological examination of a biopsy specimen. Immunohistochemistry is used to identify the characteristic B-cell markers. Molecular studies may also be performed to detect specific genetic abnormalities associated with MALT lymphoma.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The treatment of MALT lymphoma depends on the stage and location of the disease. For localized gastric MALT lymphoma associated with H. pylori infection, eradication of the bacteria with antibiotics may lead to regression of the lymphoma. In other cases, treatment options include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis of MALT lymphoma is generally good, with a high 5-year survival rate. However, the disease may relapse or transform into a more aggressive form of lymphoma.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
