Nasal septum perforation

Nasal Septum Perforation: Causes, Effects, and Treatment

Diagram illustrating Nasal Septum Perforation

Nasal septum perforation is a medical condition characterized by the development of a hole or fissure in the nasal septum, the bone and cartilage barrier that separates the two nasal cavities. This condition can have various causes and may lead to several health issues.

Causes and Risk Factors

Nasal septum perforation can occur due to several reasons, including:

• Direct trauma, such as from nasal piercings
• Long-term use of topical drugs like intranasal ethylphenidate, methamphetamine, cocaine, and decongestant nasal sprays
• Chronic conditions like epistaxis (nosebleeds) and excessive nose picking
• Complications from nasal surgeries like septoplasty or rhinoplasty
• Inflammatory conditions such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis
• Side effects of certain medications, like anti-angiogenesis drugs (e.g., bevacizumab)

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Nasal endoscopy, a diagnostic tool for nasal septum perforation

Common symptoms include nosebleeds, nasal congestion, and a whistling sound during breathing. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, including nasal endoscopy, and may require imaging studies.

Treatment and Management

Treatment options depend on the size of the perforation and the severity of symptoms. They may include:

• Nasal irrigation and humidification
• Topical ointments to promote healing and reduce discomfort
• Surgical repair in severe cases
• Avoidance of nasal irritants and harmful substances

Preventive Measures

Preventive strategies focus on minimizing nasal trauma and avoiding long-term use of harmful substances. Regular medical follow-ups are essential for individuals at risk.

Complications and Health Impacts

Untreated nasal septum perforation can lead to chronic nasal problems, including difficulty breathing and recurrent infections.

Public Awareness and Education

Educating the public about the risks associated with nasal drug use, piercings, and the importance of careful post-surgical care is crucial in preventing nasal septum perforation.

See Also

• Nasal surgery
• Otorhinolaryngology
• Substance abuse

External Links

• Mayo Clinic - Nasal Septum Repair
• American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

Nasal septum perforation Resources
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