Neutral fat

Neutral fat or triglycerides are a type of lipid that is used by the body to store energy. They are called "neutral" because they are non-polar and do not carry a charge. Neutral fats are the most common type of fat in the body and in the diet.

Structure

Neutral fats are composed of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids. The fatty acids can be the same or different. The glycerol molecule is connected to the fatty acids by an ester bond. This structure is what gives neutral fats their characteristic properties.

Function

The primary function of neutral fats is to store energy. When the body needs energy, it breaks down the neutral fats into glycerol and fatty acids, which can then be used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the body's main energy source. Neutral fats also provide insulation and protection for the body's organs.

Metabolism

Neutral fats are metabolized in the body through a process called lipolysis. This process is regulated by hormones such as insulin and glucagon. When the body needs energy, glucagon signals the fat cells to break down the neutral fats into glycerol and fatty acids. These can then be transported to the liver and muscles where they are used to produce energy.

Health implications

While neutral fats are essential for the body's functioning, an excess of neutral fats can lead to health problems such as obesity, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. A diet high in saturated fats can increase the level of neutral fats in the blood, leading to atherosclerosis.

See also

• Lipid metabolism
• Fatty acid synthesis
• Lipid storage disorder