Spider angioma

Spider Angioma

Spider angioma (plural: spider angiomas), also known as spider nevus or spider veins, is a common vascular lesion characterized by a central red dot from which small blood vessels radiate, resembling a spider's web. These lesions are a type of telangiectasia and are often found on the face, neck, upper part of the trunk, and in areas where the skin is thin.

A typical spider angioma on the skin.

Causes

Spider angiomas are caused by the dilation of superficial capillaries under the skin. They can occur in any age group but are more common in children and pregnant women, suggesting a hormonal link. Factors contributing to their development include:

• Estrogen levels increase
• Liver disease, such as cirrhosis
• Genetic predisposition

Symptoms and Signs

The primary feature of a spider angioma is a central, bright red dot (which is actually a small arteriole), from which tiny capillaries radiate. These capillaries often resemble the legs of a spider, hence the name. Spider angiomas are usually asymptomatic, but some individuals may experience itching or bleeding if the angioma is scratched or injured.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of spider angioma is primarily clinical, based on its distinctive appearance. Dermatologists can often diagnose the condition by examining the skin lesion. In some cases, especially when liver disease is suspected, further diagnostic tests may be recommended.

Dermatological examination of spider angioma.

Treatment

Treatment is not always necessary for spider angiomas, especially if they are asymptomatic and not associated with liver disease. However, treatment options for cosmetic reasons or symptomatic lesions include:

• Laser therapy
• Electrocauterization
• Sclerotherapy

Prognosis

Spider angiomas are generally benign and may resolve on their own, especially in children and after pregnancy. In adults, the persistence of spider angiomas may warrant an evaluation for underlying conditions, such as liver disease.

See Also

• Telangiectasia
• Vascular lesion
• Liver disease
• Estrogen

References

• Johnson, M.T. (2021). "Spider Angiomas: Causes, Treatments, and Long-Term Outlook". Journal of Dermatological Treatment.
• Patel, V.G., & Weiss, R.A. (2020). "Evaluation and Management of Spider Angioma". Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology.

External Links

• DermNet NZ: Spider angioma
• Mayo Clinic: Cirrhosis

Spider angioma Resources
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