Oleoylethanolamide

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a natural bioactive lipid that plays a crucial role in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight. It is an endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) agonist and is synthesized in the small intestine in response to feeding.

Chemistry

Oleoylethanolamide is a member of the N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) family, which are bioactive lipids. It is a monounsaturated fatty acid ethanolamide and is structurally related to the endocannabinoid anandamide. However, unlike anandamide, OEA does not bind to cannabinoid receptors and does not have psychoactive effects.

Biosynthesis and Metabolism

Oleoylethanolamide is synthesized in the small intestine from oleic acid, a common dietary monounsaturated fatty acid, in response to feeding. The synthesis of OEA involves several enzymes, including N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). OEA is metabolized and inactivated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH).

Physiological Effects

Oleoylethanolamide exerts its effects by binding to PPAR-α, a nuclear receptor that regulates gene expression. Through this mechanism, OEA influences several physiological processes, including feeding behavior, body weight regulation, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. OEA reduces food intake and body weight in experimental animals, and these effects are believed to be mediated by PPAR-α.

Potential Therapeutic Applications

Due to its effects on feeding behavior and body weight, OEA has been investigated for potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders. Some studies suggest that OEA could also have beneficial effects in inflammatory bowel disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and pain.

See Also

• Fatty acid amide hydrolase
• Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
• Endocannabinoid system