Outline of diabetes

Outline of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. This article provides an outline of diabetes, including its types, symptoms, management, and related complications.

Types of Diabetes

There are three main types of diabetes, each with distinct causes and management strategies:

• Type 1 diabetes: An autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. It requires lifelong insulin therapy.
• Type 2 diabetes: Characterized by insulin resistance and often linked to obesity and lifestyle factors. It can sometimes be managed with lifestyle changes and medication.
• Gestational diabetes: Occurs in some women during pregnancy and usually resolves after giving birth, though it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of diabetes include:

• Increased thirst and urination
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow healing of wounds

Management

Management of diabetes involves monitoring blood sugar levels, diet, exercise, and medication:

• Blood sugar monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential for managing diabetes.
• Diet: A healthy, balanced diet can help control blood sugar levels.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity is important for managing weight and improving insulin sensitivity.
• Medication: Includes insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes and various oral medications for type 2 diabetes.

Complications

Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to several serious complications, including:

• Cardiovascular disease
• Neuropathy
• Nephropathy
• Retinopathy
• Diabetic foot ulcers

Prevention

While type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, healthy lifestyle choices can help prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes:

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Regular physical activity
• Eating a balanced diet

See also

• Insulin
• Obesity
• Metabolic syndrome

External links

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