Dyspareunia

A medical condition characterized by painful intercourse

Overview

Dyspareunia is a medical condition characterized by persistent or recurrent genital pain that occurs just before, during, or after intercourse. It can affect both men and women, but it is more commonly reported by women. The pain can be superficial or deep, and its intensity can vary from mild discomfort to severe pain.

Causes

Diagram of female inner genitalia

The causes of dyspareunia can be multifactorial, involving physical, psychological, and emotional factors. Some common causes include:

• Vaginal dryness: Often due to hormonal changes, such as those occurring during menopause.
• Infections: Such as yeast infections or urinary tract infections.
• Endometriosis: A condition where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside it.
• Vaginismus: An involuntary spasm of the muscles surrounding the vagina.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): An infection of the female reproductive organs.
• Psychological factors: Such as anxiety, depression, or a history of sexual abuse.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of dyspareunia is pain during intercourse. This pain can be:

• Superficial: Occurring at the entrance of the vagina.
• Deep: Felt deeper inside the pelvis.
• Burning or aching: The pain can be described in various ways by different individuals.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing dyspareunia involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. A healthcare provider may ask about the nature of the pain, its location, and any associated symptoms. Additional tests, such as pelvic ultrasound or laparoscopy, may be conducted to identify underlying conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for dyspareunia depends on the underlying cause. Options may include:

• Lubricants: To alleviate vaginal dryness.
• Hormone therapy: Such as estrogen creams for menopausal women.
• Antibiotics: For infections like PID.
• Pelvic floor therapy: Exercises to strengthen pelvic muscles.
• Counseling: For psychological factors contributing to the condition.

Prevention

Preventive measures for dyspareunia include maintaining good hygiene, using adequate lubrication during intercourse, and addressing any psychological issues with a mental health professional. Regular gynecological exams can help detect and treat conditions that may lead to dyspareunia.

Related pages

• Vaginismus
• Endometriosis
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Menopause