Parachute mitral valve

File:Severe mitral valve stenosis, mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation E00622 (CardioNetworks ECHOpedia).webm Parachute mitral valve is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by the abnormal development of the mitral valve in which all the chordae tendineae are attached to a single papillary muscle. This condition can lead to mitral valve stenosis and other complications.

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

In a normal heart, the mitral valve has two papillary muscles that anchor the chordae tendineae, which in turn attach to the valve leaflets. In a parachute mitral valve, all the chordae tendineae are connected to a single papillary muscle, resembling a parachute. This abnormality can cause restricted movement of the valve leaflets, leading to mitral valve stenosis.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with a parachute mitral valve may present with symptoms of heart failure, such as dyspnea, fatigue, and palpitations. The severity of symptoms often depends on the degree of mitral valve obstruction.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a parachute mitral valve is typically made using echocardiography, which can visualize the abnormal attachment of the chordae tendineae to a single papillary muscle. Additional imaging techniques, such as cardiac MRI or CT scan, may be used to further assess the anatomy and function of the mitral valve.

Treatment

Treatment options for a parachute mitral valve depend on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may be managed with medical therapy to control symptoms of heart failure. Severe cases may require surgical intervention, such as mitral valve repair or mitral valve replacement.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with a parachute mitral valve varies based on the severity of the condition and the presence of other congenital heart defects. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for improving outcomes.

See Also

• Mitral valve
• Mitral valve stenosis
• Congenital heart defect
• Echocardiography
• Heart failure