Paraganglion

Paraganglion is a small group of cells that are found near the adrenal glands and along certain blood vessels and nerves. These cells are derived from the neural crest and are capable of producing catecholamines, which are hormones that help regulate the body's response to stress.

Structure

Paraganglia are found in various parts of the body, most notably near the adrenal glands, along the sympathetic chain, and in the head and neck region. They are typically small, round or oval structures that are composed of clusters of chromaffin cells and sustentacular cells, both of which are derived from the neural crest.

Function

The primary function of the paraganglia is to produce and secrete catecholamines, including adrenaline (also known as epinephrine) and noradrenaline (also known as norepinephrine). These hormones play a crucial role in the body's fight-or-flight response, helping to prepare the body for action in times of stress.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the paraganglia can lead to a number of medical conditions. For example, paraganglioma is a rare type of tumor that arises from the paraganglia. These tumors can be benign or malignant and can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their location and whether they produce excess catecholamines.

See also

• Adrenal gland
• Catecholamine
• Paraganglioma
• Neural crest