Post-infectious glomerulonephritis

Post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) is a type of glomerulonephritis, a group of diseases that cause inflammation and damage to the kidney's filtering units. This condition is often seen in children following infections caused by certain strains of streptococcal bacteria.

Etiology

PIGN is most commonly associated with infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a bacterium that can cause a range of infections, including pharyngitis and impetigo. The condition can also occur following infections with other types of bacteria and viruses.

Pathophysiology

In PIGN, the body's immune response to a bacterial or viral infection results in inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units of the kidneys. This damage can lead to a range of symptoms, including hematuria (blood in the urine), proteinuria (protein in the urine), and edema (swelling).

Clinical Presentation

Symptoms of PIGN can vary, but often include dark urine, fatigue, and swelling in the face, hands, feet, and abdomen. In severe cases, the condition can lead to acute kidney injury.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of PIGN typically involves a combination of clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. These tests may include a urinalysis, blood tests to measure kidney function, and in some cases, a kidney biopsy.

Treatment

Treatment for PIGN is primarily supportive, focusing on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may include medications to control blood pressure and reduce swelling, as well as dietary modifications. In severe cases, dialysis may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis for PIGN is generally good, with most patients recovering normal kidney function within a few weeks to months. However, in some cases, the condition can lead to long-term kidney damage and chronic kidney disease.

See Also

• Glomerulonephritis
• Streptococcus pyogenes
• Acute kidney injury
• Chronic kidney disease

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