Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is a kidney disease that develops after an infection with certain strains of Streptococcus bacteria. It is a type of glomerulonephritis, a group of diseases that cause inflammation and damage to the kidney's filtering units, known as glomeruli.

Etiology

PSGN is caused by previous infection with group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes, a bacterium that causes a wide range of infections, including pharyngitis (strep throat) and impetigo. The disease usually occurs one to two weeks after a streptococcal throat or skin infection.

Pathophysiology

The exact mechanism of PSGN is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve the formation of immune complexes. These are clusters of antibodies and antigens that form in response to the streptococcal infection. These immune complexes are deposited in the glomeruli, leading to inflammation and damage.

Clinical Presentation

Symptoms of PSGN can vary, but often include edema (swelling), hypertension (high blood pressure), and hematuria (blood in the urine). Some patients may also experience proteinuria (protein in the urine), fatigue, and loss of appetite.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of PSGN is typically based on a combination of clinical symptoms, history of recent streptococcal infection, and laboratory tests. These tests may include urinalysis, blood tests, and in some cases, a kidney biopsy.

Treatment

Treatment for PSGN primarily involves managing symptoms and complications. This may include medications to control blood pressure, reduce swelling, and treat any remaining streptococcal infection. In severe cases, dialysis may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis for PSGN is generally good, with most patients recovering fully within a few weeks to months. However, in rare cases, the disease can lead to long-term kidney damage or kidney failure.

See Also

• Glomerulonephritis
• Streptococcus pyogenes
• Kidney disease
• Kidney biopsy
• Dialysis