Steatohepatitis
Steatohepatitis[edit | edit source]
Steatohepatitis is a type of liver disease characterized by inflammation of the liver with concurrent accumulation of fat in the liver cells, a condition known as steatosis. It is a progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and can lead to more severe liver damage, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Steatohepatitis occurs when there is an excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, leading to inflammation and damage to liver cells. The exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a "two-hit" hypothesis. The first "hit" is the accumulation of fat in the liver, and the second "hit" involves oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory cytokines that lead to liver cell injury and fibrosis.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Steatohepatitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Obesity
- Type 2 diabetes
- Metabolic syndrome
- Hyperlipidemia
- Alcohol consumption (in the case of alcoholic steatohepatitis)
- Certain medications and toxins
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Many individuals with steatohepatitis are asymptomatic, especially in the early stages. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Fatigue
- Abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right quadrant
- Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)
- Jaundice (in advanced cases)
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of steatohepatitis is typically made through a combination of:
- Blood tests showing elevated liver enzymes
- Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI
- Liver biopsy to confirm inflammation and fat accumulation
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment of steatohepatitis focuses on addressing the underlying causes and may include:
- Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss and exercise
- Control of blood sugar and lipid levels
- Avoidance of alcohol
- Medications to reduce liver inflammation and fibrosis
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis of steatohepatitis varies depending on the severity of the disease and the presence of other risk factors. Early intervention and lifestyle changes can significantly improve outcomes and prevent progression to cirrhosis or liver cancer.
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