Super Tuscan

Super Tuscan wines are a category of Tuscan wines produced in the Tuscany region of Italy. These wines do not adhere to traditional local DOC and DOCG regulations regarding grape varieties and winemaking techniques, allowing winemakers more flexibility in the blending process. Super Tuscans often use a significant proportion of non-indigenous grapes, particularly Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Syrah, which are blended with traditional Tuscan grapes such as Sangiovese.

History

The origin of Super Tuscan wines dates back to the 1970s when some Tuscan producers became frustrated with the strict regulations that governed the production of Chianti. These regulations required the use of some white grape varieties in Chianti, which many producers felt compromised the quality of the wine. Pioneering winemakers, such as those at Tenuta San Guido who produced the first vintage of Sassicaia in 1968, began experimenting with French grape varieties and modern winemaking techniques, producing wines that did not conform to any existing DOC regulations.

As these wines were not recognized by official wine quality standards, they were initially labeled as simple 'Vino da Tavola' (table wine), the lowest rank in the Italian wine classification system. However, the quality and success of these wines in international markets led to the creation of the IGT (Indicazione Geografica Tipica) category in 1992, which provided a more flexible framework for winemakers.

Characteristics

Super Tuscan wines are characterized by their innovative spirit and the use of international grape varieties. The style can vary significantly but typically features a robust structure, complex aromas, and a capacity for aging. The blending of traditional and international varieties often results in wines that combine the elegance and acidity of Sangiovese with the body and richness of grapes like Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot.

Major Producers

Some of the most renowned producers of Super Tuscan wines include:

• Tenuta San Guido – Known for Sassicaia, the first Super Tuscan.
• Antinori – Producer of Tignanello, another early and influential Super Tuscan.
• Ornellaia – Known for Ornellaia and Masseto.
• Castello di Ama – Known for their modern approach to Tuscan wine.

Impact on Tuscan Wine Industry

The success of Super Tuscans has had a profound impact on the Tuscan wine industry, elevating the international stature of the region's wines. It has also encouraged a more innovative approach to winemaking in Tuscany, influencing even traditional producers to experiment with new techniques and grape varieties.

Regulation and Classification

While many Super Tuscans are classified as IGT, some have been recognized under DOC or DOCG statuses after regulations were modified to accommodate the changes they brought about in the industry. The flexibility of the IGT classification still attracts many producers seeking to experiment with new blends and techniques.

See Also

• Italian wine
• Tuscan wine
• Sangiovese
• Cabernet Sauvignon
• Merlot