TRPV4

TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPV4 gene. It is a member of the TRP channel family. TRPV4 is a non-selective cation channel that is sensitive to changes in temperature, mechanical stress, and osmolarity. It is expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types, including neurons, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells.

Structure

TRPV4 is a large protein composed of six transmembrane domains with a pore loop between the fifth and sixth domains. The N- and C-termini of the protein are located in the cytoplasm. The N-terminus contains ankyrin repeat domains, which are thought to be involved in protein-protein interactions. The C-terminus contains a TRP domain, which is believed to be involved in the regulation of channel activity.

Function

TRPV4 is involved in a variety of physiological processes. It is a sensor of osmotic pressure and mechanical stress in various tissues, including the skin, lung, and kidney. In the nervous system, TRPV4 is involved in the sensation of pain, heat, and mechanical pressure. It also plays a role in the regulation of cell volume and cellular signaling.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the TRPV4 gene have been associated with several human diseases, including neuropathy, skeletal dysplasia, and pulmonary edema. In addition, TRPV4 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer.

See also

• TRP channel
• Vanilloid