Time in the United States

US-Timezones

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Rand McNally Standard Map of the United States 1921 UTA

Standard time in the United States illustration 1906

Wayne Co KY

Current time zones in Indiana

AZTZ

Time in the United States is regulated by the United States Department of Transportation, which is responsible for the time zone regulations in the country. The United States is divided into nine standard time zones: Atlantic Time (AT), Eastern Time (ET), Central Time (CT), Mountain Time (MT), Pacific Time (PT), Alaska Time (AKT), Hawaii-Aleutian Time (HAT), Samoa Time (SST), and Chamorro Time (ChT). In addition to these standard time zones, Daylight Saving Time (DST) is observed in most parts of the country, moving the clock forward by one hour during the warmer months to extend evening daylight.

History

The concept of time zones was first proposed by Sir Sandford Fleming in the late 19th century as a solution to the confusion caused by each community across the United States keeping its own local time. The Standard Time Act of 1918, also known as the Calder Act, officially adopted the standard time zone system based on the mean solar time of the meridians that are multiples of 15 degrees west of the Greenwich Meridian. The Act also introduced Daylight Saving Time.

Time Zones

The United States spans across several time zones due to its vast geographical size. The time zones are as follows:

• Atlantic Time (AT) - Covers the easternmost parts of the United States and its territories.
• Eastern Time (ET) - Covers the eastern part of the mainland including cities like New York City, Washington, D.C., and Atlanta.
• Central Time (CT) - Covers the central region including cities like Chicago, Houston, and New Orleans.
• Mountain Time (MT) - Covers the mountainous regions including cities like Denver, Phoenix (which does not observe DST), and Salt Lake City.
• Pacific Time (PT) - Covers the western coast including cities like Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle.
• Alaska Time (AKT) - Covers the state of Alaska, excluding the Aleutian Islands.
• Hawaii-Aleutian Time (HAT) - Covers the state of Hawaii and the Aleutian Islands.
• Samoa Time (SST) - Covers the American Samoa territory.
• Chamorro Time (ChT) - Covers the territory of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands.

Daylight Saving Time

Daylight Saving Time in the United States begins on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November. During this period, clocks are set forward by one hour to extend evening daylight. Not all states and territories observe DST; notably, Hawaii, most of Arizona, and the territories of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands do not change their clocks.

Observance and Legislation

The observance of time zones and Daylight Saving Time in the United States is governed by the Uniform Time Act of 1966, which was amended in 2005 by the Energy Policy Act. These laws allow states to opt out of Daylight Saving Time, but not to observe it year-round without federal approval.

Challenges and Controversies

The practice of changing clocks twice a year has been increasingly debated. Critics argue that the energy savings are minimal and that the change can cause confusion, disrupt sleep patterns, and even lead to health issues. Some states have passed legislation or resolutions to adopt Daylight Saving Time year-round, pending federal approval.

Conclusion

Time in the United States is a complex system that reflects the country's vast geographical diversity and history. While the system of time zones and Daylight Saving Time has its critics, it remains an integral part of life in the United States, influencing everything from business operations to television schedules.