Tourette’s syndrome

Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, stereotyped, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics. The disorder is named after Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette, the pioneering French neurologist who in 1885 first described the condition in an 86-year-old French noblewoman.

Symptoms

The early symptoms of Tourette's syndrome are typically noticed first in childhood, with the average onset between the ages of 3 and 9 years. Tics are classified as either simple or complex. Simple tics are sudden, brief, repetitive movements that involve a limited number of muscle groups. Complex tics are distinct, coordinated patterns of movements involving several muscle groups.

Causes

The exact cause of Tourette's syndrome is unknown, but it is well established that both genetic and environmental factors are involved. The disorder is four times as likely to occur in boys as in girls. Although Tourette's is a genetic disorder, not everyone who inherits the necessary genes will display symptoms.

Treatment

There is no cure for Tourette's syndrome, but the condition can be managed with behavioral therapy and medication. The most effective treatments are often a combination of these approaches.

Society and culture

Tourette's syndrome is not a barrier to achievement. Many people with Tourette's syndrome have excelled in their chosen careers, including musicians, athletes, and professionals in all fields.

See also

• Neurological disorders
• Tics
• Behavioral therapy

Tourette’s syndrome Resources
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