Neuroleptics

Neuroleptics (also known as antipsychotics) are a class of psychotropic medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. They are increasingly being used in the management of non-psychotic disorders. Neuroleptics are traditionally classified into typical and atypical neuroleptics.

History

The term "neuroleptic" was coined by French researchers Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker in 1955. The first neuroleptic was chlorpromazine, which was developed as a surgical anesthetic. It was first used on psychiatric patients because of its powerful calming effect. Later, it was found that the beneficial effects of chlorpromazine could not be explained by its sedative properties alone.

Mechanism of action

Neuroleptics work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate the brain's reward and pleasure centers. Dopamine also helps regulate movement and emotional responses, and it enables us not only to see rewards, but to take action to move toward them.

Side effects

Neuroleptics can cause a range of side effects, including drowsiness, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, constipation, and weight gain. Long-term use can lead to tardive dyskinesia, a serious movement disorder.

See also

• Antidepressant
• Mood stabilizer
• Anxiolytic
• Stimulant

External links

• NIMH » Mental Health Medications
• Schizophrenia - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic

Neuroleptics Resources
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