Trismus
Trismus[edit | edit source]
Trismus, commonly referred to as lockjaw, is a condition characterized by reduced ability to open the mouth due to muscle spasm, inflammation, or fibrosis. It is often associated with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ) and can be a symptom of various underlying conditions.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Trismus can result from a variety of causes, including:
- Infection: Such as tetanus, which is a bacterial infection that affects the nervous system and leads to muscle stiffness.
- Trauma: Injury to the jaw or surrounding tissues can lead to muscle spasm and trismus.
- Surgery: Post-surgical complications, especially after procedures involving the mouth, jaw, or throat.
- Radiation therapy: Treatment for head and neck cancers can lead to fibrosis and trismus.
- Inflammation: Conditions such as pericoronitis or arthritis affecting the jaw joint.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The primary symptom of trismus is the inability to fully open the mouth. Other symptoms may include:
- Pain in the jaw or surrounding areas
- Difficulty speaking or eating
- Muscle stiffness
- Headache
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of trismus involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Imaging studies such as X-ray, CT scan, or MRI may be used to assess the underlying cause. A dental examination may also be necessary to evaluate the condition of the teeth and jaw.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment of trismus depends on the underlying cause and may include:
- Physical therapy: Exercises to improve jaw mobility.
- Medication: Pain relievers, muscle relaxants, or anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to release the muscle spasm or correct structural issues.
- Botulinum toxin injections: To reduce muscle spasm.
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Preventive measures for trismus include:
- Maintaining good oral hygiene to prevent infections.
- Regular dental check-ups.
- Avoiding trauma to the jaw.
- Following post-operative care instructions after dental or surgical procedures.
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