Tubal factor infertility

A type of infertility caused by fallopian tube abnormalities

Tubal factor infertility is a form of infertility that occurs due to abnormalities or damage to the fallopian tubes. These tubes are essential for the transport of ova from the ovaries to the uterus, and any impairment can prevent fertilization and subsequent pregnancy.

Causes

Tubal factor infertility can result from a variety of causes, including:

• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), often due to sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea.
• Previous abdominal surgery, which can lead to adhesions or scarring.
• Endometriosis, where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterine cavity, potentially affecting the tubes.
• Ectopic pregnancy, which can damage the fallopian tubes.
• Congenital abnormalities, where the tubes are malformed from birth.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of tubal factor infertility typically involves several steps:

• A detailed medical history and physical examination.
• Hysterosalpingography (HSG), an X-ray procedure to check the patency of the fallopian tubes.
• Laparoscopy, a surgical procedure that allows direct visualization of the pelvic organs.
• Ultrasound imaging, which can help identify structural abnormalities.

Treatment

Treatment options for tubal factor infertility depend on the severity and cause of the tubal damage:

• Tubal surgery may be performed to repair damaged tubes, although success rates vary.
• In vitro fertilization (IVF) is often recommended, as it bypasses the need for the fallopian tubes.
• Antibiotic treatment may be necessary if an infection is present.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with tubal factor infertility depends on the extent of the damage and the treatment chosen. IVF has become a common and effective treatment option, offering many couples the chance to conceive despite tubal issues.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Practicing safe sex to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections.
• Early treatment of pelvic infections to prevent scarring.
• Regular gynecological check-ups to monitor reproductive health.

Related pages

• Infertility
• In vitro fertilization
• Pelvic inflammatory disease

References

Illustration of sites affected by pelvic inflammatory disease, a common cause of tubal factor infertility.

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