Urinary fistula

Urinary fistula is a pathological connection between the urinary system and another organ or the skin. This condition can occur as a result of surgery, injury, infection, or disease, and can lead to urinary incontinence or other complications.

Types of Urinary Fistula

There are several types of urinary fistula, each named for the organs involved in the connection. These include:

• Vesicovaginal fistula: This is a connection between the bladder and the vagina. It is the most common type of urinary fistula in women and is often caused by childbirth injuries, particularly in developing countries.

• Vesicointestinal fistula: This is a connection between the bladder and the intestines. It can result from inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, or cancer.

• Ureterovaginal fistula: This is a connection between a ureter and the vagina. It is less common and is usually a result of surgical complications.

• Urethrovaginal fistula: This is a connection between the urethra and the vagina. It can occur as a result of trauma or surgery.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a urinary fistula can vary depending on the type and location of the fistula. Common symptoms include:

• Continuous leakage of urine
• Recurrent urinary tract infections
• Abdominal pain
• Fever
• Foul-smelling vaginal discharge (in women)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a urinary fistula often involves a physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. In some cases, a cystoscopy may be performed to visualize the inside of the bladder.

Treatment

Treatment for a urinary fistula typically involves surgery to close the fistula. The type of surgery will depend on the location and size of the fistula, as well as the patient's overall health. In some cases, a temporary urinary catheter may be used to divert urine away from the fistula and allow it to heal.

See also

• Urinary incontinence
• Urinary tract infection
• Fistula