Uterine cervix

Uterine Cervix

The uterine cervix, or simply cervix, is a vital part of the female reproductive system. It is the lower, narrow part of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina. The cervix plays a crucial role in childbirth and menstrual flow, and its health is essential for a woman's overall reproductive health.

Anatomy

The cervix is cylindrical or conical in shape and extends from the uterus into the vagina. It is divided into two main parts: the endocervix, which is the inner part of the cervix that faces the uterus, and the ectocervix, the outer part that faces the vagina. The point where these two parts meet is called the transformation zone, which is the most common site for cervical cancer to develop.

Function

The cervix has several important functions in the female reproductive system. It produces cervical mucus that changes in consistency during the menstrual cycle to prevent or promote pregnancy. During childbirth, the cervix dilates to allow the baby to pass from the uterus to the vagina. The cervix also acts as a barrier to protect the uterus and the rest of the upper reproductive tract from potential infections.

Health and Disease

Several health issues can affect the cervix, including cervical cancer, cervical insufficiency, cervicitis, and cervical polyps. Regular Pap smear tests can help detect changes in the cervix that might indicate the presence of disease.

Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix. It is often caused by persistent infection with certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). Regular screening can help detect cervical cancer at an early stage.

See Also

• Cervical screening
• Cervical mucus method
• Cervical conization