Vaping-associated pulmonary injury

Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI) also known as E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI), is a lung disease associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening.

Causes

The exact cause of VAPI is not known, but the condition is associated with the use of e-cigarettes or vaping products. These products heat a liquid – called e-liquid or vape juice – that usually contains nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. When the liquid is heated, it creates an aerosol or vapor that users inhale. Some vaping products also allow users to vape cannabis or other substances.

Symptoms

Symptoms of VAPI can vary but often include cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, fever, or weight loss. Some patients have reported that their symptoms developed over a few days, while others have reported that their symptoms developed over several weeks.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of VAPI can be challenging because the symptoms can be similar to other respiratory illnesses. However, a diagnosis may be considered if a patient has a history of e-cigarette use or vaping within the past 90 days, and other potential causes of their symptoms have been ruled out.

Treatment

Treatment for VAPI often involves supportive care, such as oxygen therapy, and may also include corticosteroids. In severe cases, patients may need to be hospitalized and may require mechanical ventilation.

Prevention

The best way to prevent VAPI is to avoid e-cigarettes or vaping products. In particular, people should not use vaping products that contain THC, especially those obtained off the street or from other informal sources like friends, family, or online dealers.

See also

• Electronic cigarette
• Lung disease
• Nicotine poisoning