Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 新疆维吾尔自治区
Autonomous region
Country	China
Capital	Ürümqi
Area
• Total	1,664,900 km2 (642,800 sq mi)
Population  (2020)
• Total	24,870,000
• Density	15/km2 (39/sq mi)
Ethnic groups
• Major ethnic	Uyghur, Han Chinese
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)

The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), commonly referred to as Xinjiang, is an autonomous region in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest province-level division of China and the eighth-largest country subdivision in the world, spanning over 1.6 million square kilometers. Xinjiang shares borders with eight countries, including Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India.

History

Xinjiang has been a crossroads of various peoples and civilizations, and it is known for its rich history that dates back to the Silk Road, which facilitated trade and cultural exchange between the East and the West. The region came under Chinese control during the Qing Dynasty in the 18th century and was later declared an autonomous region in 1955.

Geography

Xinjiang's vast and diverse landscape ranges from high mountains and vast deserts to lush river valleys. Notable geographical features include the Tian Shan mountains, the Taklamakan Desert, and the Turpan Depression, one of the lowest points on earth.

Economy

The economy of Xinjiang is primarily based on natural resources, including oil, natural gas, and various minerals. Agriculture also plays a significant role, with Xinjiang being a major producer of cotton, wheat, and fruits in China. In recent years, the region has seen significant development in sectors such as technology and renewable energy, particularly solar energy.

Demographics

Xinjiang is home to several ethnic groups, with the Uyghur people being the largest. Other ethnic groups include Han Chinese, Kazakhs, and Hui. The region's demographic composition has been a subject of significant political and social dynamics.

Culture

Xinjiang's culture is a rich blend of Central Asian and Chinese influences, with significant contributions from its diverse ethnic communities. Traditional music, dance, and cuisine from the region reflect this cultural amalgamation. Uyghur music, for instance, is renowned for its distinctive use of the Dutar, a traditional musical instrument.

Issues and Controversies

Xinjiang has been at the center of international attention due to concerns over human rights and the treatment of the Uyghur population. Issues such as cultural assimilation, surveillance, and the political re-education camps have been widely reported and debated in the international community.

See also

• History of Xinjiang
• Economy of China
• Ethnic minorities in China
• Human rights in China