Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture

Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture (also known as a ZMC fracture) is a type of facial fracture that involves the zygomatic bone and the maxillary bone. This fracture is often caused by high-impact trauma to the face, such as from a car accident or a physical assault.

Anatomy

The zygomatic bone (cheekbone) and the maxillary bone (upper jaw) form the zygomaticomaxillary complex. This complex plays a crucial role in the facial structure, contributing to the shape and symmetry of the face. It also protects the eye socket and allows for normal functioning of the jaw.

Causes

ZMC fractures are typically caused by high-impact trauma to the face. This can occur in a variety of situations, such as car accidents, falls, sports injuries, and physical assaults. The force of the impact causes the zygomatic bone and the maxillary bone to fracture and potentially displace.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a ZMC fracture can include pain, swelling, and bruising in the cheek area, difficulty opening the mouth, and numbness in the cheek and upper lip due to damage to the infraorbital nerve. In severe cases, there may be visible deformity of the face and disruption of normal eye movement.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a ZMC fracture is typically made through a combination of physical examination and imaging studies. A computed tomography (CT) scan is often used to visualize the fracture and assess its severity.

Treatment

Treatment of a ZMC fracture depends on the severity of the fracture and the presence of any associated injuries. In some cases, conservative management with pain control and observation may be sufficient. However, in cases where there is significant displacement of the bones, surgical intervention may be necessary to restore normal facial structure and function.

See also

• Facial trauma
• Maxillofacial surgery
• Orbital fracture