1,1-Dichloroethane

1,1-Dichloroethane, also known as ethylidene dichloride, is a chemical compound with the formula C₂H₄Cl₂. It is a colorless, oily liquid with a sweet odor, primarily used as a solvent and an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.

Production

1,1-Dichloroethane is produced by the chlorination of ethane or by the reaction of ethylene with hydrochloric acid in the presence of a catalyst. The process involves the addition of chlorine atoms to the ethane molecule, resulting in the formation of 1,1-dichloroethane.

Uses

1,1-Dichloroethane is used in the manufacture of vinyl chloride, which is a precursor to polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a widely used plastic. It is also employed as a solvent in the production of rubber, adhesives, and coatings. Additionally, it serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of other organic compounds.

Health and Safety

Exposure to 1,1-dichloroethane can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. It is considered to be a potential carcinogen and can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure may lead to liver and kidney damage. Safety measures should be taken to minimize exposure, including the use of personal protective equipment and proper ventilation.

Environmental Impact

1,1-Dichloroethane is a volatile organic compound (VOC) and can contribute to air pollution. It is also persistent in the environment and can contaminate soil and water. Efforts should be made to control emissions and prevent spills to minimize its environmental impact.

Regulation

The use and disposal of 1,1-dichloroethane are regulated by various environmental and health agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States. Regulations aim to limit exposure and reduce the release of this compound into the environment.

Also see

• Vinyl chloride
• Polyvinyl chloride
• Chlorination
• Volatile organic compound