17-ketosteroid reductase

17-Ketosteroid reductase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of steroids. It is involved in the conversion of 17-ketosteroids to 17β-hydroxysteroids. This enzyme is found in many organisms, including humans, and is particularly active in the liver and adrenal glands.

Function

The primary function of 17-ketosteroid reductase is to catalyze the reduction of 17-ketosteroids to 17β-hydroxysteroids. This process is a key step in the biosynthesis of androgens and estrogens, the primary male and female sex hormones, respectively. The enzyme also plays a role in the metabolism of corticosteroids, which are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including immune response and regulation of inflammation.

Structure

17-Ketosteroid reductase is a member of the oxidoreductase family of enzymes, which are characterized by their ability to catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions. The enzyme is a monomer, meaning it consists of a single polypeptide chain. It contains a cofactor, which is necessary for its catalytic activity.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the function of 17-ketosteroid reductase can lead to a variety of health problems. For example, a deficiency in this enzyme can result in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a group of inherited disorders that affect the adrenal glands. Overactivity of the enzyme, on the other hand, can lead to conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome and Cushing's syndrome.

See also

• Steroidogenesis
• Steroid hormone
• 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase