Annular pancreas
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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| Annular pancreas | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Vomiting, feeding intolerance, abdominal pain |
| Complications | Duodenal obstruction, pancreatitis |
| Onset | Neonatal or adult |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Congenital disorder |
| Risks | Polyhydramnios, Down syndrome, Trisomy 18 |
| Diagnosis | Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI |
| Differential diagnosis | Duodenal atresia, malrotation, pancreatic cancer |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Surgery (e.g., duodenojejunostomy) |
| Medication | Proton pump inhibitors, antiemetics |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
An annular pancreas is a rare congenital condition in which a ring of pancreatic tissue encircles the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. This ring of tissue can constrict the duodenum, potentially leading to obstruction.
Anatomy and Development[edit]
The pancreas is a glandular organ located in the abdomen, with both exocrine and endocrine functions. During normal embryological development, the pancreas forms from the fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds. In the case of an annular pancreas, the ventral bud fails to rotate properly, resulting in a ring of pancreatic tissue that surrounds the duodenum.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Symptoms of an annular pancreas can vary depending on the degree of duodenal obstruction. In newborns, it may present as duodenal atresia or stenosis, leading to bilious vomiting shortly after birth. In adults, symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and signs of peptic ulcer disease.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of an annular pancreas is typically made using imaging studies. Upper gastrointestinal series and computed tomography (CT) scans can reveal the characteristic "double bubble" sign or the presence of a ring of pancreatic tissue around the duodenum.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of an annular pancreas depends on the severity of the symptoms. In cases of significant obstruction, surgical intervention may be necessary. The most common surgical procedure is a duodenojejunostomy, which bypasses the obstructed segment of the duodenum.
