Annular pancreas

Annular Pancreas is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a ring of pancreatic tissue that encircles the duodenum. This condition can lead to duodenal obstruction with associated symptoms.

Etiology

The exact cause of annular pancreas is unknown. However, it is believed to occur during the embryonic development of the pancreas. The pancreas is formed from two separate buds that fuse together. In annular pancreas, one of these buds wraps around the duodenum, forming a ring of tissue.

Clinical Presentation

Symptoms of annular pancreas can vary greatly depending on the severity of the condition. In some cases, individuals may remain asymptomatic throughout their lives. In others, symptoms may present in infancy or early childhood. These can include vomiting, abdominal pain, and failure to thrive. In adults, symptoms may include chronic pancreatitis, peptic ulcer disease, and biliary tract obstruction.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of annular pancreas can be challenging due to its rarity and the nonspecific nature of its symptoms. Imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be used to visualize the pancreas and identify the ring of tissue characteristic of this condition.

Treatment

Treatment for annular pancreas is typically surgical and aims to relieve duodenal obstruction. This can be achieved through various procedures such as duodenoduodenostomy, duodenojejunostomy, or pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with annular pancreas is generally good, particularly when the condition is diagnosed and treated early. However, complications such as chronic pancreatitis and peptic ulcer disease can impact long-term health and quality of life.

See Also

• Pancreas
• Duodenum
• Congenital anomalies of the digestive system