Arsenic contamination of groundwater

Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a form of water pollution that occurs when arsenic, a semi-metallic element, is released into groundwater. This contamination is a significant global problem, particularly in certain regions of Asia, including Bangladesh and parts of India, where it poses serious health risks to millions of people.

Causes

Arsenic contamination of groundwater can occur naturally or as a result of human activities. Natural sources of arsenic include certain types of rock and soil that contain arsenic, which can be released into groundwater over time. Human activities that can contribute to arsenic contamination include the use of arsenic-based pesticides, the burning of coal that contains arsenic, and the disposal of arsenic-containing waste in landfills.

Health effects

Exposure to arsenic in drinking water can lead to a variety of health problems. These include skin lesions, cancer (particularly skin, bladder, and lung cancer), and diseases of the cardiovascular system. In addition, arsenic exposure can impair the development of children and increase the risk of diabetes and respiratory diseases.

Mitigation and treatment

There are several methods available for removing arsenic from groundwater. These include coagulation and filtration, adsorption onto iron hydroxides, and ion exchange. In addition, efforts are being made to develop and implement sustainable solutions, such as the use of arsenic-safe aquifers for drinking water supply and the promotion of rainwater harvesting.

See also

• Water pollution
• Groundwater pollution
• Arsenic poisoning