Artemisinin-based combination therapy
Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy
Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is a treatment regimen used to combat malaria, particularly the strains caused by the parasite *Plasmodium falciparum*. ACTs are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in most endemic areas. The therapy combines an artemisinin derivative with one or more partner drugs to enhance efficacy and reduce the risk of resistance.
Background[edit | edit source]
Artemisinin, a compound derived from the sweet wormwood plant (*Artemisia annua*), was discovered in the 1970s by Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for her work. Artemisinin and its derivatives, such as artesunate and artemether, are known for their rapid action against the malaria parasite.
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Artemisinin works by producing free radicals within the parasite cells, which damage vital proteins and lead to the parasite's death. The combination with other antimalarial drugs helps to clear the remaining parasites and prevent the development of resistance.
Components of ACT[edit | edit source]
ACTs typically consist of an artemisinin derivative and a longer-acting partner drug. Common combinations include:
- Artemether-lumefantrine
- Artesunate-amodiaquine
- Artesunate-mefloquine
- Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine
Efficacy and Resistance[edit | edit source]
ACTs are highly effective, with cure rates exceeding 90% in most cases. However, resistance to artemisinin has been reported in parts of Southeast Asia, particularly in the Greater Mekong Subregion. This resistance is characterized by delayed parasite clearance times.
Implementation and Challenges[edit | edit source]
The widespread use of ACTs has significantly reduced malaria morbidity and mortality. However, challenges remain, including ensuring access to quality-assured ACTs, preventing counterfeit drugs, and monitoring for resistance.
Also see[edit | edit source]
| Biology | |
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| Control and prevention | |
| Diagnosis and treatment | |
| Society and malaria | |
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