Atlantic Coastal Plain

The Atlantic Coastal Plain is a physiographic region of the Eastern United States, stretching from the New York border with New Jersey southward to the southern tip of Florida and westward to the deep south of Texas. This region is characterized by its flat, low-lying terrain which contrasts sharply with the adjacent Appalachian Mountains to the west. The plain's width varies, but can extend up to 100 miles inland from the coast.

Geology and Geography

The Atlantic Coastal Plain is primarily composed of sedimentary rock, which has been shaped by millions of years of sediment deposition. This deposition has been influenced by changes in sea level, particularly during the Cenozoic era. The region includes important geological formations such as the Chesapeake Bay impact crater in Virginia.

The plain is generally divided into the Upper Coastal Plain and the Lower Coastal Plain. The Upper Coastal Plain is located closer to the foothills of the Appalachians and is slightly more elevated, while the Lower Coastal Plain is closer to the sea level and includes many wetlands, particularly in the areas known as the Tidewater region and the Gulf Coastal Plain.

Ecosystems and Biodiversity

The Atlantic Coastal Plain hosts a variety of ecosystems, ranging from deciduous forests in the north to subtropical and tropical forests in the south. This region is also home to extensive marshes and estuaries, which are critical habitats for many species of fish and wildlife. The Everglades in Florida, for example, represent a unique wetland ecosystem within the Lower Coastal Plain.

Economic Activities

The Atlantic Coastal Plain is significant for its agricultural activities, particularly in states like North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, where tobacco, soybean, and cotton are major crops. Additionally, the region supports a robust fishing industry, thanks to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and numerous estuaries.

Tourism is another key component of the region's economy, with visitors attracted to the scenic coastal areas, historical sites, and recreational activities such as boating, fishing, and beach vacations. Major tourist destinations include the Outer Banks of North Carolina and the Florida Keys.

Environmental Concerns

The Atlantic Coastal Plain faces several environmental challenges, including sea level rise, hurricanes, and coastal erosion. These issues are exacerbated by the effects of climate change and pose significant risks to the coastal communities and ecosystems. Conservation efforts and coastal management strategies are critical in addressing these challenges and ensuring the sustainability of the region's natural resources and communities.

See Also

• Geography of the United States
• Coastal geography
• List of regions of the United States