Blast injury

Blast injury is a complex type of physical trauma resulting from direct or indirect exposure to an explosion. Blast injuries occur with the detonation of high-order explosives as well as the deflagration of low order explosives. These injuries are compounded when the explosion occurs in a confined space.

Types of Blast Injuries

Blast injuries can be categorized into four types: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

Primary blast injuries are caused by the direct effect of the over-pressurization wave interacting with the body. The most common primary injuries are to the ear, lung, and gastrointestinal tract.

Secondary blast injuries are caused by flying debris and bomb fragments. These injuries can affect any part of the body and can cause a wide range of injuries from minor cuts and bruises to amputations and penetrating trauma with organ damage.

Tertiary blast injuries occur when individuals are thrown by the blast wind and impact other objects. These injuries can include fractures, traumatic amputations, and closed or open brain injuries.

Quaternary blast injuries include all other injuries not caused by the blast wave. These can include burns, crush injuries, and respiratory injuries from dust, smoke, or toxic fumes.

Treatment

The treatment of blast injuries requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Initial treatment focuses on stabilizing the patient and treating life-threatening injuries. Long-term treatment can involve physical and occupational therapy, mental health treatment, and treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Prevention

Prevention of blast injuries involves measures to prevent explosions, such as regulation and monitoring of industries that use explosives. Personal protective equipment can also reduce the risk of injury in the event of an explosion.