C3 glomerulonephritis

C3 Glomerulonephritis (C3GN) is a rare kidney disease characterized by the accumulation of C3 proteins in the glomeruli due to abnormal regulation of the complement system. This disease is part of a broader category of diseases known as C3 glomerulopathy.

Etiology

The exact cause of C3GN is not fully understood. However, it is believed to be associated with genetic mutations that affect the regulation of the complement system, a part of the immune system that helps to fight off infections. These mutations can lead to uncontrolled activation of the complement system, resulting in damage to the glomeruli.

Symptoms

The symptoms of C3GN can vary widely, but often include proteinuria, hematuria, and hypertension. In severe cases, it can lead to kidney failure, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of C3GN is typically made through a kidney biopsy, which allows for the examination of the kidney tissue under a microscope. The presence of C3 proteins in the glomeruli, without significant amounts of other immune proteins, is indicative of C3GN.

Treatment

There is currently no specific treatment for C3GN. Management of the disease typically involves controlling the symptoms and slowing the progression of kidney damage. This may include medications to control blood pressure and reduce proteinuria, as well as immunosuppressive drugs in some cases.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with C3GN can vary widely, depending on the severity of the disease and the individual's response to treatment. Some individuals may experience a slow progression of the disease over many years, while others may experience rapid progression to kidney failure.

See also

• Glomerulonephritis
• Complement system
• Kidney disease
• Kidney biopsy

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